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GEMSTONE SPECIES - INORGANIC

Diamond

Diamond is one of the most prized and precious natural gemstones on Earth because of its exceptional blend of strength, rarity, and beauty.   'Adamas', which means unconquerable, is the Greek word from which the name diamond is derived. Diamonds are unique among gemstone minerals because their sole chemical component is carbon. While different trace elements make up 0.5% and frequently affect the colour and tone of crystals, carbon makes up 99.5%.


India is where Diamonds were originally discovered. Some of the most famous diamonds in the world, such as the Kohinoor and Hope diamonds, are found in India. Kohinoor was discovered at Kollur's Golconda mines.


The Cullinan diamond is the largest rough gem-quality diamond, weighing 3106 carats, and is one of the largest diamonds discovered in the Cullinan mine, South Africa. It was named after Thomas Cullinan, the owner of the diamond mine.


According to Moh's hardness scale, diamond is the hardest natural gemstone on Earth. The four primary qualities of diamonds that are used to assess their value and beauty are referred to as the "4Cs." 


Cut: The diamond's ratio of facets and shape given for RBC (Round Brilliant Cut) of 33 facets in crown, 25 facets in pavilion. The ideal percentage of the Table 53-58%. Pavilion depth 59-63%, Pavilion angle 40.6-41 degrees, Crown angle 33.7- 35.8 degrees, Griddle thickness ideally be thin to slightly thick, and a Culet should be either none or very small. 


Colour: Diamond colour grading is done by evaluating how colourless a diamond is on a standardised scale created by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA). 

This scale ranges from D (completely colourless) to Z (light yellow or brown). 

Where 'D' to 'H' is considered colourless, 

I' - 'Z' have a variation of Yellow/Brown. 

All Hues other than 'D' to 'Z' are known for fancy colour diamonds. 

(Note: Fancy colour diamonds (e.g., blue, pink, canary yellow) are graded differently, based on intensity and hue, not absence of colour)


Clarity: The existence of external imperfections or internal defects (inclusions) of the diamond is graded as follows. 

FL/IF: Flawless/Internally Flawless 

VVS: Very Slightly Included 

SI: Slightly Included 

I: Included 


Carat: The diamond's weight (1 carat is equivalent to 0.2 grams).

The weight of the diamond plays an important role in the 4Cs because it directly affects the diamond’s size, value, and price.


DIAMOND TREATMENT TYPES 

Laser Drilling --> Improves clarity for heavily included diamonds 

Fracture Filling --> Improves clarity for Diamonds with visible fractures 

HPHT Treatment --> Enhances or changes colour for Brownish diamonds 

Irradiation & Annealing --> Creates or enhances colour for Pale or unattractive diamonds

Coating --> Alters the colour surface, occasionally used on lower-grade stones

DIAMOND VARIETIES

NATURAL Diamond

NATURAL BLACK DIAMOND

LAB-GROWN DIAMOND

Natural Diamonds are treasured for their geological rarity, historical value, and unique imperfections. In contrast, Lab-Grown Diamonds are ethically sourced, eco-friendly, and identical in physical properties but less rare and less expensive.


Which to Choose?
--> Choose natural diamonds if you value tradition, rarity, and long-term value.
--> Choose lab-grown diamonds for a budget-friendly, ethical, and visually perfect option. 

LAB-GROWN DIAMOND

NATURAL BLACK DIAMOND

LAB-GROWN DIAMOND

Lab-grown diamonds offer several advantages for certain buyers
--> Budget-Friendly: Lab-grown diamonds typically cost 30% to 70% less than natural diamonds of the same size and quality. You can get a larger or higher-grade diamond for the same price compared to a natural one.
--> Ethical: Lab-grown diamonds avoid issues linked to "blood diamonds" or conflict zones. They are created in controlled lab environments, often with better traceability and lower environmental impact than mining.
--> Visually Perfect: They are optically and physically identical to natural diamonds. Often have fewer inclusions or blemishes since their growth conditions are controlled. High clarity and consistent color are more common in lab-grown diamonds. 

NATURAL BLACK DIAMOND

NATURAL BLACK DIAMOND

NATURAL BLACK DIAMOND

Natural and treated black diamonds differ in origin, colour, and value. 

Natural Black Diamonds (Untreated)
Colour & Origin --> Naturally black due to inclusions from minerals like graphite, hematite, or pyrite, colour ranging from light grey to pure black, and structural Black Diamonds, which can form naturally in the Earth's crust
Value --> More expensive due to rarity
Clarity --> Naturally included and opaque


Treated Black Diamonds
Colour & Origin --> Regular low quality colourless diamonds are treated (irradiation or heating) to turn black and have uniform deep black appearance.
Value --> Less expensive and more common
Clarity --> May have surface imperfections or fractures 

FANCY DIAMOND

TREATED DIAMOND

NATURAL BLACK DIAMOND

Fancy diamonds, also known as fancy colour diamonds, exhibit a noticeable colour beyond the typical D-to-Z white diamond scale. These diamonds are rare, highly valued, and cherished for their unique hues, including pink, blue, yellow, green, and even red.


Why People Choose Fancy Diamonds
--> They stand out with vibrant, bold colours.
--> Represent uniqueness and personal expression.
--> Often chosen for engagement rings, collector’s pieces, or investment.
--> Rare hues (like red or violet) are priceless treasures. 

TREATED DIAMOND

TREATED DIAMOND

TREATED DIAMOND


What You Should Know
--> Treated diamonds are real diamonds but not natural in appearance.
--> Value is much lower than untreated diamonds of similar appearance.
--> Durability can be affected, especially with fracture-filled stones (heat, ultrasonic cleaning may damage them)
--> Full disclosure is legally required when selling treated diamonds.
--> Certified gemological labs will disclose treatments on diamond grading reports. 

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