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GEMSTONE SPECIES - INORGANIC

FELDSPAR

 

Feldspar is a group of rock-forming silicate minerals that make up about 60% of the Earth's crust, although Quartz is abundant. These minerals are key components of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks and are crucial in both geology and geology.


It is divided into two main groups based on chemical composition:
1) Potassium Feldspars (K-Feldspars)
Example: Orthoclase, Microcline, Sanidine
2) Plagioclase Feldspars
Range from Albite to Anorthite
Example: Albite, Labradorite, Anorthite

GEMSTONE VARIETIES -  Gem-Quality
Moonstone --> shows adularescence (a glowing sheen)
Labradorite --> shows labradorescence (iridescent colours)
Sunstone --> exhibits aventurescence (sparkling effect)
Amazonite --> a green variety of microcline


VARIETIES OF MOONSTONE:
Moonstone is a feldspar gemstone best known for its enchanting glow, called adularescence, a shimmering light that appears to float across the stone. Based on its composition, colour, and optical effects, moonstone comes in several varieties.
Main Varieties of Moonstone:
Rainbow Moonstone --> a variety of labradorite feldspar (not true moonstone), shows multicoloured iridescence, blue, pink, green, and yellow flashes. Popular in jewellery.
Blue Moonstone --> The most valued type, which shows a strong electric blue sheen on a transparent to colourless body. Mostly from Sri Lanka.
White Moonstone --> Has a milky body colour with a soft white or silvery adularescence. Common and more affordable.
Peach or Orange Moonstone --> Warm-toned body colour with creamy glow, often found in India.
Grey Moonstone --> Subtle grey body with a bluish or silvery shimmer. Elegant and mysterious in tone.
Green Moonstone --> Rare and less commonly used in fine jewellery; soft green body colour with gentle sheen.
Cat’s Eye Moonstone --> This gemstone exhibits chatoyancy (a narrow band of light that moves like a cat’s eye) and is typically grey, beige, or brown in tone.
Star Moonstone --> Shows a four-rayed star effect (asterism) under direct light, extremely rare


(Optical effects --> due to intergrowth of orthoclase and albite layers within the crystal structure)


LABRADORITE VARIETIES - THE IRIDESCENT FELDSPAR:
Labradorite is a feldspar mineral most famous for its labradorescence, a striking play of colours like blue, green, gold, and even purple. It belongs to the plagioclase feldspar and has a composition between 50–70% anorthite
Spectrolite --> The most colourful and vivid variety of labradorite, originally discovered in Finland. Displays a full spectrum of colours like blue, green, yellow, red, and purple. Rare and highly prized.
Rainbow Labradorite --> Often a marketing name for flashy labradorite with multiple colour flashes, not to be confused with rainbow moonstone.
Andesine-Labradorite --> A feldspar blend (sometimes heat-treated) that may show red, orange, or green hues. Found in Oregon, Mexico, and China. Sometimes controversial due to treatment.
Oregon Sunstone (Labradorite Feldspar) --> A copper-bearing labradorite found in Oregon, USA. Displays metallic schiller or aventurescence and can appear red, green, yellow, or colourless.
Golden Labradorite --> Usually lacks colourful labradorescence, but is transparent with a soft golden-yellow hue. May be cut into faceted gems.
Common Labradorite --> Has little to no visible labradorescence; usually grey to white. Often used in carvings or ornamental items.


OCCURRENCE:
--> Found in granite, basalt, gabbro, and schist
--> Present in pegmatites (often gem-quality)
--> Feldspar is common in sedimentary rocks as weathered grains


MAJOR SOURCES:
India (moonstone)
Sri Lanka
Madagascar
Norway
Finland (Spectrolite)
USA (Oregon sunstone, Colorado amazonite)
Canada (labradorite)

Potassium Feldspars (K-Feldspars)

Blue Moonstone

Peach or Orange Moonstone

White Moonstone

Blue Moonstone is a luminous variety of moonstone known for its bluish adularescence, a glowing light that seems to float just beneath the surface of the gem. This optical effect is most visible in high-quality, transparent specimens and gives the stone an ethereal, moonlit appearance. 

Key Facts:
Colour --> Colourless to milky white with a blue sheen (adularescence)
Transparency --> Translucent to semi-transparent
Luster --> Vitreous to pearly 

White Moonstone

Peach or Orange Moonstone

White Moonstone

White Moonstone is a gentle, glowing gemstone known for its creamy white body and soft silvery or white adularescence (a floating light effect). Unlike blue moonstone.

 Key Facts:
Colour --> Milky white to translucent with white or silvery sheen
Transparency --> Translucent to opaque
Luster --> Pearly to vitreous 

Peach or Orange Moonstone

Peach or Orange Moonstone

Peach or Orange Moonstone

Peach Moonstone is a warm-toned variety of moonstone that ranges from soft peach to deep orange hues, often with a gentle glow or shimmer (adularescence) across the surface. It combines the mystical qualities of moonstone with the nurturing energy of its sunset-like colour.
Key Facts:
Colour --> Soft peach, salmon, or orange with a subtle silvery or golden sheen
Transparency --> Translucent to opaque
Luster --> Pearly to silky 

Rainbow Moonstone

Cat’s Eye Moonstone

Peach or Orange Moonstone

Rainbow Moonstone is a captivating variety of feldspar (technically a white labradorite) known for its multicoloured sheen or "schiller", which can flash blue, violet, yellow, or even pink when light hits it at the right angle. Though not a "true" moonstone by mineralogy, it is widely loved for its magical, rainbow-like play of light.
Key Facts:
Colour --> Milky or clear base with flashes of blue, yellow, green, or pink
Transparency -->Translucent to transparent
Luster --> Vitreous to pearly

Grey Moonstone

Cat’s Eye Moonstone

Cat’s Eye Moonstone

Grey Moonstone is a subtle and elegant variety of moonstone with a smoky gray to silvery body colour and a soft white or bluish glow (adularescence) that shimmers across its surface. It carries a mystical, almost shadowy appearance.
Key Facts:
Colour --> Smoky grey, silver-grey, or charcoal with soft white to bluish sheen
Transparency --> Translucent to opaque
Luster --> Pearly to silky

Cat’s Eye Moonstone

Cat’s Eye Moonstone

Cat’s Eye Moonstone

Cat’s Eye Moonstone is a rare and mesmerizing variety of moonstone that displays chatoyancy, a bright, narrow band of reflected light that glides across the surface like a cat’s eye. This optical effect appears best in translucent stones with fine parallel inclusions.
Key Facts:
Colour --> Creamy white, grey, peach, or brown with a sharp white or bluish eye
Transparency -->Translucent to semi-transparent
Luster --> Silky to pearly

Star Moonstone

Green Moonstone

Green Moonstone

Star Moonstone is a rare and captivating variety of moonstone that displays asterism, a four-rayed star that appears to float on the surface of the gem when illuminated. This effect is caused by aligned needle-like inclusions within the stone
Key Facts:
Colour --> Milky white, grey, or peach with a distinct white star
Transparency --> Translucent to semi-opaque
Luster --> Silky to pearly

Green Moonstone

Green Moonstone

Green Moonstone

Green Moonstone is a soothing and uncommon variety of moonstone that exhibits a soft green hue combined with a gentle white or silvery shimmer (adularescence).
Key Facts:
Colour --> Pale mint to olive green with soft white or silvery sheen
Transparency --> Translucent to semi-opaque
Luster --> Pearly to silky 

Plagioclase Feldspars

Oregon Sunstone

Rainbow Labradorite

Oregon Sunstone

Oregon Sunstone is a uniquely American feldspar gemstone known for its warm body colours, ranging from champagne and peach to deep red and green, and its distinctive metallic glitter known as schiller, caused by tiny copper platelets within the stone.
Key Facts:
Colour --> Pale yellow, peach, pink, red, green, or bicolour; may display metallic schiller
Transparency --> Transparent to translucent
Luster --> Vitreous to metallic (when schiller is present) 

Spectrolite

Rainbow Labradorite

Oregon Sunstone

Spectrolite is a premium variety of labradorite feldspar renowned for its exceptionally vivid and full-spectrum labradorescence, a dazzling play of colour that includes deep blues, greens, oranges, reds, and purples. It is considered the most vibrant and colourful type of labradorite, originally discovered in Finland.
Key Facts: 
Colour --> Dark base (often black or charcoal grey) with brilliant iridescent flashes across the spectrum
Transparency --> Opaque to translucent
Luster --> Vitreous to pearly

Rainbow Labradorite

Rainbow Labradorite

Andesine-Labradorite

Rainbow Labradorite is a stunning variety of labradorite feldspar prized for its multicoloured iridescence known as labradorescence, which can flash blue, green, yellow, orange, pink, and even purple when viewed from different angles.
Key Facts:
Colour --> Grey to black base with multicolored flashes
Transparency --> Translucent to opaque
Luster --> Vitreous to pearly

Andesine-Labradorite

Andesine-Labradorite

Andesine-Labradorite

Andesine-Labradorite is a beautiful, intermediate feldspar gemstone that combines characteristics of both andesine and labradorite. It often exhibits rich body colours like red, orange, yellow, and green, sometimes with a soft metallic or schiller-like sheen. Some specimens may also show mild labradorescence or a glow-like inner light.
Key Facts:
Colour --> Red, orange, yellow, green, champagne
Transparency --> Transparent to translucent
Luster --> Vitreous 

Golden Labradorite

Andesine-Labradorite

Golden Labradorite

Golden Labradorite, also known as Bytownite, is a rare and luminous variety of labradorite feldspar that exhibits a glowing golden to champagne colour, often without the dramatic labradorescence found in rainbow varieties. Its beauty lies in its warm, sunlit tone and subtle inner shimmer.
Key Facts:
Colour --> Golden yellow, light honey, or champagne
Transparency --> Transparent to translucent
Luster --> Vitreous 

Common Labradorite

Andesine-Labradorite

Golden Labradorite

Common Labradorite refers to labradorite stones that lack the striking labradorescence (colour flashes) seen in high-quality specimens. These stones usually have a gray to dark base color with little or no play of colour, making them more subdued but still valued for their durability and feldspar properties.
Key Facts:
Colour --> Gray, dark gray, or black with little to no iridescence
Transparency --> Opaque to translucent
Luster --> Vitreous to dull 

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